Water Soluble 100% Clear, Colorless to Pale Yellow Liquid 

pH (as-is @ 25°C) 4-5

This product is capable of improving moisturization while simultaneously increasing the production of structural components, such as collagen and glycosaminoglycan, as well as reversing cutaneous atrophy

From capabilities such as smoothing fine lines to help minimize the appearance of wrinkles, AHAs are favored for improving skin tone and condition, while enhancing overall texture.

Glycolic acid, the smallest molecular structure of the group, has proved effective in cosmetics due to its ability to reach the deeper layers of the skin, thus making it an excellent exfoliating agent that provides immediate skin softening effects. Glycolic acid loosens corneocyte attachments and reduces cell cohesion at the lower level of the stratum corneum to promote cellular renewal. As new skin cells generate, older cells slough off to reveal smoother looking skin. Factors such as sun damage, age and environmental stress slow down this process which results in the accumulation of dead skin cells. The use of alpha-hydroxy acids can combat the problem by breaking proteolytic bonds to increase cellular renewal2 . Moreover, glycolic acid allows the capillaries to dilate and deliver more oxygen and energy to the cells for increased intracellular efficiency. In addition to increasing collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, Glycolic acid treatments also increase type I collagen mRNA and hyaluronic acid content of human skin.

 Lactic acid is an excellent moisturizing ingredient and beneficial for most hyper-proliferate skin conditions. One of the key benefits for using lactic acid in anti-aging applications is that research has also shown it is capable of reversing cutaneous atrophy. This will help thicken the skin to create a more youthful aesthetic. Citric acid is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle and is integral for ATP production, which helps to promote healthy skin by stimulating the formation of fibrous protein. The Krebs cycle, also known as Citric Acid, occurs in the mitochondria of our cells. This cycle is responsible for metabolizing sugar intake thus breaking it into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. In skin biology, Citric Acid provides cells with a source of useable energy4 . This, in turn, contributes to the factors that chemically exfoliate the outer layer of the epidermis. Malic and tartaric acids also influence skin tone and have been shown to increase elasticity, which is an important factor to enhancing complexion clarity

Usage Rate :

Water Based Serum 2% to 4%

Shampoo 3%